【中文摘要】中國編纂民法典需要在合同法🧚‍♂️、侵權責任法已自成體系的現狀下重構債法規範體系🧑🏼‍🎓，協調若幹基礎關系，包括將法律行為還是合同作為規範的中心，債法總則應否與合同法總則並存🫴🏿，如何處理不同原因所生之債的特殊規範與共同規範的體例關系👨🏼‍💻，如何安置無因管理與不當得利等債的淵源等問題。這也是以法國民法為代表的歐陸法系在重構債法體系時所面臨的難題⚈。2016年2月，法國債法改革重構了法國民法典的債法體例，為中國立法提供了參考範例。法國債法的新體系以合同規則為中心🧑🏼‍🚀，其規範準用於其他法律行為；債法一般性規則從合同規範體系中分離出來，設立債法通則；債法體系按照“債之淵源”、“債之通則”、“債之證明”以及特別合同的順序展開；“債之淵源”囊括合同法總則👩🏼‍🏭、侵權責任法以及其他債的淵源（無因管理🆚、非債清償與狹義不當得利三種傳統的“準合同”）規則。這一立法經驗凸顯了債的淵源在債法體系構建中的主導地位以及合同中心主義。

【英文摘要】Based on the present self-contained and relatively well-developed system of contract law and tort law, the codification of China's Civil Code requires the reconstruction of law of obligations and the coordination between some primary relations, such as the relationship between legal acts and contract, and answers such questions as what should be the core of the civil law, should the general principles of the law of obligations coexist with the general principles of contract law, how to manage the relations between general rules and special rules of obligations arising from different causes, and what is the proper position of the "minority" sources of obligations, such as negotiorum gestio and unjust enrichment. The French civil law, as the representative of continental legal system, has also encountered these questions while reconstructing its own law of obligations. In February 2016, France reconstructed the system of law of obligations in the French Civil Code, thus has given clear answers to the above questions and provided Chinese legislature with useful experiences in this field. The core of the French law of obligations are contractual rules, which can be applied to other legal acts. The general rules of obligations are separated from the system of contractual rules and become general principles of obligations. The structure of the law of obligation unfolds itself in the following order:"Sources of Obligations", "General Principles of Obligations", "Prove of Obligations" and special contracts. "Sources of Obligations" include general principles of contract law, tort law and other sources of obligations (the three traditional quasi-contracts:negotiorum gestio, condictio indebiti and unjust enrichment in a narrow sense). The French experiences highlight the importance of sources of obligations in the structure of the law of obligations and the centralism of contract.

【中文關鍵詞】 債法總則  債的淵源  法律行為  法國民法典  法國債法

【英文關鍵詞】 general principles of law of obligations  sources of obligations  legal acts  Civil Code of France  Law of Obligation of France

來源：《法學研究》2016年05期